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Unless you use the Oromo word in daily life, you probably don't know what it means. But if there's one thing everyone in Nigeria is certain of, it's that they drink most of their water out of the tap--and that not all that comes out is safe to drink. As with most aspects of life in Nigeria, regulating water quality has proven an uphill battle. A recent study has found that there are three times more contaminants like arsenic and lead in Nigerian drinking water than previously thought--leaving the people who live there with no choice but to make do without clean wells or reliable treatment plants. But scientists in Nigeria are working hard to reduce the amount of contaminants that wash into Nigeria's drinking reservoirs. They're studying sources of contamination and testing different technologies to remove the chemicals. Africa is also grappling with arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Some scientists believe that this may explain the high rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions in parts of Africa, especially in Bangladesh and parts of West Africa. This issue has been around for decades, but it has recently gained renewed attention with the large number of arsenic-contaminated wells found in India. As well as being consumed by humans, arsenic can enter food chains both through groundwater used for irrigation and through leafy vegetables. Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment, but it can also be found in products that are made with arsenic containing ores that are mined locally. The amount of arsenic that is naturally present varies widely, depending on the type of rock in which it is stored. Arsenic can be found in water in countries including Bangladesh, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and West Africa. Arsenic concentrations vary considerably between regions and also between different sources of water. Countries differ with regards to how much arsenic they keep out of their own drinking water supply. However, in most countries the impact of arsenic contamination is only very recent. The issue of arsenic contamination has reached a boiling point in Bangladesh. Health officials have determined that 70% of groundwater samples collected from around the country are contaminated with arsenic, at levels above World Health Organization guidelines. Nepal faces similar problems, with more than 70% of water samples found to be contaminated with arsenic at levels above the World Health Organization guidelines for safe drinking water. In Cambodia, most surface water wells are contaminated by arsenic to varying degrees, although external factors such as intermittent rainfall are also proven to play a role. The issue of arsenic contamination has become so severe in Sri Lanka that the government's ability to address the problem has been compromised by political infighting, making it difficult to implement any long-term solutions. The main sources of arsenic contamination in West Africa are artisanal gold mining. Arsenic is found in naturally occurring gold ores, but experts say that artisanal mining methods are causing much more arsenic to be released into waterways. Sri Lanka also faces similar problems, with artisanal gold mining causing widespread contamination. However, unlike in Sri Lanka, Thai authorities have taken steps to deal with the issue. cfa1e77820